GOV THEORY
SECTION: A
Answer any 2 questions
3a)
A political party is an alliance of like-minded people who work together to win elections and control of the government. Political parties compete against one another for political power and for the ability to put their philosophies and policies into effect3bi)
To contest elections: In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways.
ii)Forming policies and programmes: Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for the society
iii)Making laws: When parties come to power, they make laws for the country. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature. Members of the ruling party follow the directions of party leaders, irrespective of their personal opinions.
iv)Parties form and run governments: Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them ministers to run the government in the way they want.
v)Role of opposition: Parties that lose in elections, play the role of opposition to the parties in power by criticising the government for its failures or wrong policies.
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4a)A bicameral legislature is one in which the legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers or houses..
4b)DifferencesIN CAMERA LEGISLATUREi)One chamber or house changing and implementing the law is called unicameral legislature. There are two chambers or houses are present to amend and implement the law.ii)In the unicameral system, quick decisions and more accountability is possible whereas the accountability and the decision making processes are difficult and time consuming.IN UNICAMERA LEGISLATUREi)The number of members in the unicameral is usually less than the members of the bicameral system resulting in less expense in the unicameral.ii)The powers of the unicameral members are enough for making rude decisions and passing the law which is not feasible for the general public. The powers of the upper hand are controlled by the other hand and thus, the chances of bad decision making are less in the bicameral system.
SECTION: B Answer any 3 questions
6)i)Military intervention should be outlawed.ii)There should accountability on the part of politicians in government.iii)Politics should be played according to laid down rules and regulations.iv)Ethnic politics should be avoided by politicians.v)There should be good leadership on the part of all elected officials.vi)Mismanagement of public funds should be avoided.vii)There should be free and fair elections.
7i)Consider and make recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security, including disarmament;7ii)Discuss any question relating to international peace and security and, except where a dispute or situation is currently being discussed by the Security Council, make recommendations on it;7iii)Discuss, with the same exception, and make recommendations on any questions within the scope of the Charter or affecting the powers and functions of any organ of the United Nations;7iv) Make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of any situation that might impair friendly relations among nations;7v)Consider and approve the United Nations budget and establish the financial assessments of Member States;
8i)there should be no political interference in the affairs of commission.8ii)The electoral commission must be made autonomous rather than appendage of executive aim of government8iii)funding for the commission should be done from an independent fund not from the executive8iv)security of tenure of office should be granted to members of the commission8v)officials of the commission should be appointed for a fixed period8vi)voting should be done secretly while counting of votes should be publicly done
SECTION: A
Answer any 2 questions
3a)
A political party is an alliance of like-minded people who work together to win elections and control of the government. Political parties compete against one another for political power and for the ability to put their philosophies and policies into effect3bi)
To contest elections: In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways.
ii)Forming policies and programmes: Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for the society
iii)Making laws: When parties come to power, they make laws for the country. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature. Members of the ruling party follow the directions of party leaders, irrespective of their personal opinions.
iv)Parties form and run governments: Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them ministers to run the government in the way they want.
v)Role of opposition: Parties that lose in elections, play the role of opposition to the parties in power by criticising the government for its failures or wrong policies.
.
4a)A bicameral legislature is one in which the legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers or houses..
4b)DifferencesIN CAMERA LEGISLATUREi)One chamber or house changing and implementing the law is called unicameral legislature. There are two chambers or houses are present to amend and implement the law.ii)In the unicameral system, quick decisions and more accountability is possible whereas the accountability and the decision making processes are difficult and time consuming.IN UNICAMERA LEGISLATUREi)The number of members in the unicameral is usually less than the members of the bicameral system resulting in less expense in the unicameral.ii)The powers of the unicameral members are enough for making rude decisions and passing the law which is not feasible for the general public. The powers of the upper hand are controlled by the other hand and thus, the chances of bad decision making are less in the bicameral system.
SECTION: B Answer any 3 questions
6)i)Military intervention should be outlawed.ii)There should accountability on the part of politicians in government.iii)Politics should be played according to laid down rules and regulations.iv)Ethnic politics should be avoided by politicians.v)There should be good leadership on the part of all elected officials.vi)Mismanagement of public funds should be avoided.vii)There should be free and fair elections.
7i)Consider and make recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security, including disarmament;7ii)Discuss any question relating to international peace and security and, except where a dispute or situation is currently being discussed by the Security Council, make recommendations on it;7iii)Discuss, with the same exception, and make recommendations on any questions within the scope of the Charter or affecting the powers and functions of any organ of the United Nations;7iv) Make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of any situation that might impair friendly relations among nations;7v)Consider and approve the United Nations budget and establish the financial assessments of Member States;
8i)there should be no political interference in the affairs of commission.8ii)The electoral commission must be made autonomous rather than appendage of executive aim of government8iii)funding for the commission should be done from an independent fund not from the executive8iv)security of tenure of office should be granted to members of the commission8v)officials of the commission should be appointed for a fixed period8vi)voting should be done secretly while counting of votes should be publicly done
