neco biology

 

Biology OBJ:

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Biology THEORY:
INSTRUCTION: Answer Three(3) Questions Only.

1a)
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a fairly constant internal environment despite the changes in the external environment. Eg Am Amoeba regulates the water content of its protoplasm inorder to keep it at a fairly constant level
1aii)
i)Auxins
ii)cytokinin
1aiii)
-Euglena is regarded as an animal-
i)It feed on ready-made food
ii)It does not have a cellulose cell wall but has a plasma membrane
-Euglena is regarded as an plant-
i)It has a chloroplast
ii)It can manufacture it’s food

1bi)
i)Temperature
ii)humility
1bii)
CLICK HERE FOR THE IMAGE

2ai)
​Beak- is used to pick up food such as grains and fruits
2aii)
Crop- the food is stored temporarily in the crop where it moistened and fermented
2aiii)
Gizard- the grinding of the food takes place at the gizard with the aid of small stones
2aiv)
Liver- helps in breaking down fat from food

2bi)​
-Artery-
i)Vessels which carry blood from the heart to various body parts
ii)Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart except pulmonary artery
iii)Arteries have thick elastic muscular walls
iv)Valves are absent
-Vein-
i)Vessels which carry blood from the various body parts to the heart
ii)Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the various body parts except pulmonary vein
iii)Veins have thin non elastic walls
iv)Valves are present to prevent the backward flow of blood
2bii)​
-Adenovirus
-Nephritis
-Amyloidosis
2biii)​
i)Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;
ii)Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge;
iii)Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
iv)Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;
v)Providing technical support, catalysing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity

3ai)
enzymes is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
3aii)
cyclosis is a regular cyclic movement of protoplasm within a cell. It is the circulation of cytoplasm or cell organelles, such as food vacuoles in some protozoans
3aiii)
peristalsis is the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

3bi)
i)Yankari Game Reserve – Bauchi
ii)Borgu Game Reserve – kano
iii)Okwangwo Game Reserve – Cross River
3bii)
I=incisors,
C=canines,
P = premolars
M = molars.
For adult man it is
I – 2/2
C – 1/1
P – 2/2
M – 3/3 = 16 x 2 = 32.

3ci)
TABULATE
i)The outer layer of the fruit is the exocarp, and the outer layer of the seed is the testa.
ii)Fruit contain high amounts of moisture while seed contain low amounts of moisture
iii)Fruit undergoes a ripening process while seed does not undergoes a ripening process
iv)after fertilization, the ovary convert into Fruit while after fertilization, the ovule convert into seed
3cii)
i)The fluid allows the baby to move around while it is developing. This movement allows for bone and muscle development.
ii)The fluid also helps to keep the fetus nice and warm by keeping heat in. It also helps to keep the temperature consistent.
iii)The fluid offers protection from any blows that may come to the uterus area. It may cushion the blow if the mother falls.


4ai)

Decomposer is an organism whose ecological function involves the recycling of nutrients by performing the natural process of decomposition as it feeds on dead or decaying organisms.

4aii)

Habitat is the place where an organism or a biological population normally lives or occurs

4aiii)

mutation is a permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome; the process in which such a change occurs in a gene or in chromosome.
4bi)

i)To prevent destruction of natural environment or to allow for continued use of natural resources for man’s benefits

ii)To preserve rare and valuable species of plants and animals for the future generation or to save them from extinction or permanent destruction

iii)To preserve naturally beautiful scenarios for their aesthetic values

4bii)

i)Fission

ii)Budding

iii)Vegetative propagation

4biii)

i)Supplying oxygen to tissues (bound to hemoglobin, which is carried in red cells)

ii)Supplying nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids either dissolved in the blood or bound to plasma proteins (e.g., blood lipids)

iii)Removing waste such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid

iv)Regulating body pH

v)Regulating core body temperature

4biv)

TABULATE

-Asexual reproduction-

i)It involves no formation and fusion of gametes.

ii)It is uniparental

iii)Reproductive units are somatic cells of parent.
-Sexual reproduction-

i)It involves formation and fusion of gametes.

ii)It is generally biparental.

iii)Reproductive units are germ cells of parent.
5ai)

Primary successionis the colonization of new sites by communities of organisms. It often occurs after a devastating event has wiped out the organisms that lived in the area, or with the creation of a new habitat.

5aii)

primary root is the first root produced by a germinating seed, developing from the radicle of the embryo.

5aiii)

macroNutrients are environmental substances used for energy, growth, and bodily functions by organisms. Depending on the nutrient, these substances are needed in small amounts or larger amounts.
5bi)

i)Airway diseases

ii)Lung tissue diseases

iii)Lung circulation diseases

5bii)

i)By Sterlization It destructs pathogens in medical and lab rooms.

ii)By disinfectants but they are not suitable for human skin like phenyl

iii)By antiseptic They can be used on human skin like iodine

iv)By use of sanitizers We can use sanitizers like dettol to wash off pathogens from our hand

5biii)

i)It provides basis of evolution

ii)It helps in maintaining life even in adverse conditions

iii)It helps the organisms survive in changed climatic conditions.
5c)

After the seed has made it to a new location and is covered with dirt, it can begin germination.Germinationis the process of seeds developing into new plants. First, environmental conditions must trigger the seed to grow. Usually, this is determined by how deep the seed is planted, water availability, and temperature. When water is plentiful, the seed fills with water in a process calledimbibition. The water activates special proteins, calledenzymes, that begin the process of seed growth. First the seed grows arootto access water underground. Next, theshoots, or growth above ground, begin to appear. The seed sends a shoot towards the surface, where it will growleavesto harvest energy from the sun.